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Types of intravenous fluids and their usefulness

Infusion is a method of administering fluids and drugs that are carried out directly through a vein. Fluid given through an IV can function as maintenance fluid or resuscitation fluid. An IV solution will be given when the patient is hospitalized. Intravenous fluid is stored in a sterile bag or bottle that will be flowed through a tube into a vein. The type and amount of fluid used will depend on the patient's condition, the availability of fluids, and the purpose for which the IV is administered.

Types of intravenous fluids and their usefulness

There are a variety of IV fluids that can be used when patients get treatment. Commonly used intravenous fluids can be divided into two types, namely:

Crystalloid liquid

The first type of infusion fluid is crystalloid. Crystalloid liquids contain sodium chloride, sodium gluconate, sodium acetate, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, and glucose. Crystalloid fluids are generally used to restore electrolyte balance, restore pH, hydrate the body, and as a resuscitation fluid. Some intravenous fluids that enter into the type of crystalloid fluid include:

  • Saline liquid

    • 0.9% NaCL saline is a crystalloid fluid that is often encountered. This liquid contains sodium and chloride. This infusion fluid is used to replace lost body fluids, correct electrolyte imbalances, and keep the body well hydrated.

  • Ringer lactate

    • Ringer lactate is a type of crystalloid liquid containing calcium, potassium, lactate, sodium, chloride, and water. Ringer lactate fluid is generally given to replace body fluids that are lost when injured, injured, or undergo surgery that causes rapid loss of blood in large quantities. In addition, this fluid is also often used as a maintenance fluid while undergoing treatment in a hospital.

  • Dextrose

    • Dextrose is an infusion solution containing simple sugars. This fluid is often used to increase blood sugar levels, in someone who has hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). In addition, dextrose infusion fluid can also be used for hyperkalemia (high potassium levels).

Colloid liquid

The second type of fluid is colloid fluid. Colloidal fluid has heavier molecules. This fluid can be given to patients who are critically ill, surgical patients, and also as a resuscitation fluid. The infusion fluid that is included in the type of colloidal fluid is:

  • Gelatin

    • Gelatin is a colloid liquid that contains animal protein. One of the uses of this fluid is to overcome the state of lack of blood volume caused by blood loss.

  • Albumin

    • The administration of albumin infusion fluid is usually done when the patient has low albumin levels, for example patients undergoing liver transplant surgery, suffering from acute burns, and sepsis patients.

  • Dextran

    • Dextran is a type of colloidal liquid that contains glucose polymer. Dextran can be used to restore the condition of blood loss. In addition, dextran is also used to prevent thromboembolism after surgery.
IVs should not be used carelessly and their use must be under a doctor's supervision. This is because the risk of complications due to infusion can occur. In addition, the choice of infusion fluid must also be adjusted to the patient's condition and doctor's consideration.

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